𝗙𝗮𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗡𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗶𝗺𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗿 𝗯𝗿𝗶𝗱𝗹𝗲 𝗳𝗶𝘁𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴. (𝗮 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝟮𝟬𝟭𝟯) 𝘉𝘺 𝘊𝘢𝘳𝘰𝘭𝘪𝘯𝘦 𝘓𝘢𝘳𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘪𝘭𝘩, 𝘗𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘥𝘏𝘰𝘳𝘴𝘦 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘯𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘴

 Making sure to adjust nosebands, flashes, browbands and making sure the buckles do not push into delicate facial structures or the poll strap does not push against the horse's ears (and of course checking bit fit): This is something good horse people should be quite fanatical about.

A quick look at what cranial nerves do, reveals how important their healthy functioning is to the overall health of the horse --and why properly fitted tack is paramount.

There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves. They have a role in:

Balance

Heart rate (sensory and motor control of viscera including heart, lungs, and bowel)

Hearing

Smell

Vision

Eye movement

Neck muscles that move the head

Sensation from the face

Motor to the muscles for biting, chewing

Facial expression

Taste from the anterior 2/3rds of the tonque

Taste from the posterior 1/3rd of the tonque

Tearing (lacrimal gland)

Salivation from the parotid gland as well as not from the parotid gland (different nerves)

Sensation and some motor to the pharynx

Swallowing (motor to the muscles of the soft palate, pharynx and larynx)

Vocalization (motor to the muscles of the soft palate, pharynx and larynx)

gastrointestinal peristalsis

Tongue movement

Every part of a bridle has a role to play in stabilizing it and ensuring it does not put undue pressure on any part of the horse's head’s joints and nerves including ears, jaw, teeth, tongue. It is paramount that tack is fitted properly.

There is not one bridle model or brand that fits all horses so with all bridles it is important to pay attention to fit and check the following:

Is it pressing on a joint like a too tight browband pushing on the TMJ.

Is the crownpiece pressing or rubbing on soft tissues like the base of the ears.

is the noseband too low and resting on cartilage or placed too high and touching the horse's cheekbones neither which are good.

is the throatlatch strap too tight, pulling the bridle down on the poll and "strangling" the horse? This strap should remain loose regardless of neck and head position.

is the bit too high or too low.

are some of your buckles rubbing or poking into the horse's soft tissues or laying on bone.

Is your noseband and flash (if you use one) correctly adjusted?

Make sure there are two fingers stacked between your noseband and nasal bone. If you aren’t sure, invest in an ISE gauge (http://equitationscience.com/store/taper-gauge)

Are all the bridle parts that touch the horse's skin smooth, supple and clean.

Following this simple, common sense age old advice can help any horse be comfortable in tack.

For more information on tack and anatomy, check our Photo Albums.

Source: HorseAdvice.com and The Merck Veterinary Manual.

3/12/2013 - Italian Veterinarian and equine réhabilitation specialist Massimo Da Re offered these additional insights on CRANIAL Nerves, the Brain and Limbic System:

The head of all vertebrates is one of the most important parts for the life of the individual: It is home to the brain that has the delicate task to process the information that comes from the body and from the outside world and returns to the various parts of the body with essential indications for life.

The brain encodes what the sense organs perceive and organize the existence of the individual. The brain also reads the feelings of the heart which is the true center of life.

In the head are located vital organs: hearing, smell, sight, taste, touch. ( and breath)

Think for a moment about your horse, observe how important its highly mobile ears, his large nostrils, his very expressive eyes are for its essence.

Finally the mouth.

The horse lives with his mouth: eats, vocalizes, works, relates to the outside world. It contains more than 4 billion nerve endings and is closely associated with a portion of the brain called Limbic System, responsible for the control of emotions and learning: think about this before acting with your hands on your horse's mouth.

There are no horses "deaf" or "hard" in the mouth, pain receptors can not be deleted nor go out: horses fight oral pain in different forms: some rear, others pull on the reins, while others seem to be resigned and have a heavy mouth.

Study well this beautiful and useful image and use the equipment on your horse with awareness and respect : avoid too tight nose-bands, make sure bridle and bit fit well.

Be careful with the halter, especially if it is made in rope or fabric that are too thin: they can lead to excessive pressure on the nerves of the face; always remove the halter when the horse is free, in stall or outside in the field. Be gentle with your hands, both when you lead the horse and when you ride."

The subject is vast and deserves full days of discussions!

Only when the horse is happy .....

 "Only when the horse is happy can dressage become art." ~ Klaus Balkenhol

Body Position and control

 “If you cannot control your own position,

 you will have difficulty controlling the horse.  

Olympic show jumper, Anne Kursinski

Larry Poulin

Take advantage of  any opportunity to watch Larry drive. You will marvel at his exquisite body position and control. He's a master from which we all can learn. 

The available aids while driving horses are: whip, voice, reins and one that is seldom mentioned: body position and control. 

Without effective body positioning and control, your horse's performance will be sub-par. 

Because fewer aids are available than for riding, more attention should be given to mastering the one's we DO have available to us.

What can your horse's POLL tell you?

 

What can your horse's POLL tell you? - Manolo Mendez

"If a posture is kept too long, that good posture

will become a bad posture and introduce tension."

The comfort and health of the horse's poll is one of the central keys not only to its performance but more importantly to its short and long term soundness. Here Manolo takes a look at the link between poll health and training.

In Manolo's experience, rather then a grouping of delicate and complex anatomical structures which have an influence on all the horse's systems and are thus critical to the horse's musculoskeletal / central nervous system and biomechanics health and soundness, the poll is too often considered by equestrians from a training theory standpoint only, which exists outside the physical and emotional realities of the horse's body and mind.

Reduced incorrectly to just the superficial real estate behind the horse's ears, extending over C1 and C2 on the crest of the neck, under the mane bed, the poll is discussed in terms of its relative height rather then in terms of COMFORT, RANGE OF MOTION, SUPPLENESS and SOFTNESS.

For the real landmarks of the poll, look at Manolo's two hands in the upper right corner pic.

Discussions take place between proponents of different postures according to different Schools and Eras but do they take into consideration how the poll fits into the horses overall wellness and wellbeing?

Along with the horse's mouth and jaw, the poll can be a battlefield.

As a rider pulls, the horse braces his poll, muscles stiffen, tighten, spasms form, knots develop.

The areas from between the back of the skull to C2, on the crest of the neck and on the sides of the neck are flat or hollow, muscles, tendons and ligaments feel ropy.

Inflammation sets in.

Sometimes, instead of flat and dry, the horse will have muscles on both sides of the neck that bulge out dramatically in an otherwise flat neck.

The horse wont welcome any touch on these.

Rather then elastic and well formed swimmer's muscles these will be more akin to the muscles found on puissance lifters and bodybuilders and not conducive to great range of motion and suppleness.

Horses will shy from having the top of their cheeks, poll, and upper neck petted.

As a rider is uneven in their contact, this cascade of effects can take place as the horse becomes crooked in his poll:

Muscles develop asymmetrically

Spine and skeleton is pulled askew

Vertebrae become crowded

DJD (degenerative joint desease) sets in in the form of fusion, kissing spine and early arthritic changes

Horses can also develop calcification where the nuchal ligament attaches to the back of the skull.

An indication of a possible problem is a horse that tilts its head slightly to one side or the other and cannot place his nose under its ears.

Unaddressed this misalignment will begin by affecting the horse's muscles, then tendons and ligaments and eventually its bones, its scaffolding, if you will.

The tilt may become "cimented" resulting in a horse who physically cannot straighten and may bear the brunt of much frustration and escalating aids from a rider who is unaware of the problem.

Horsemen and women who observe such horses moving may notice that in some movements, the head tilt is reflected in the placement of the horse's fore feet.

As a rider keeps a horse collected for long periods of time and the horse becomes fatigued, he will tense his entire topline and his poll muscles will become sore.

It does not matter if the rider is riding in front of the vertical and poll at the highest point according to the stage of training.

If a posture is kept too long, that good posture will become a bad posture and introduce tension.

Damaged vertebras and inflammation can impact the spinal chord and the horse's central nervous system, slowing down or disrupting commands sent to the body and the information the body sends to the brain in return.

Horses stumble, are slow to pick a lead, move disconnected. Reflexes are dulled which can create a danger to horse and rider.

A contracted sore poll, a blocked poll means that cervical joints are blocked.

Just like in humans, if there is one blockage in the horse, it affects every other joint in the body.

This mean that a sore, crooked, blocked, stiff, painful poll will have a reverberating effect throughout the entire body and how the horse uses his back and is able to use his pelvis - and how it uses its legs since leg movement is linked to back movement.

Finally, just like us, horses can develop tension headaches, TMJ and dental issues from poll pain.

Because of the postures that create poll problems, horses often also experience deficit in blood flow and oxygen to the brain and face.

As a result, horses do not see as well and their mouth and tongue lose some feeling. This affects their confidence and their response to the rider's aids.

Besides learning to identify through feel, observation and touch wether a horse has an uncomfortable poll -- See below the link to Equinology's outstanding, well illustrated, step by step guide to all the poll muscles, their function, their patterns of disfunction and to massage them --- what a rider can do to better understand how to avoid poll problems is to watch horses walk, trot and canter at liberty and under the saddle of a good rider.

What they will notice is how the horse uses his neck and head and therefore his poll differently in each gait.

In walk, a balanced, straight, supple, loose and flexible (what we want) horse will move its neck slightly side to side with each stride, his head oscillating slightly.

In trot the head and neck do not move very much whereas in canter the horse uses his head and neck again in a forward, forward, forward motion requiring a supple poll.

Watching a horse doing lateral work and showing bend through the whole body from ear to tail and comparing one direction to another is another way to better understand the healthy vs. unhealthy range of motion and positioning of the poll - and the connection of the poll to the horse's pelvis' use and alignment and the entire spinal chain.

What happens when the horse poll is blocked in position by a fixed hand, or when the horse braces, trying to push his nose out against a backward hand action?

Does it fill with tension?

Does the quality of its movement change?

Does the fluidity of its lateral movement suffer?

Is it a back or a leg moving action?

Are the horse's joints absorbing motion elastically or is the horse hitting the ground heavily?

Is the horse carrying himself in independent balance and eventually self carriage or is the rider finding the horse heavy and hard mouth or has the rider simply accustomed to carrying the horse in one set posture regardless of the horse's responses?

Beyond reading articles and books it is in the act of observing, touching, and experimenting gently that the role and importance of the poll can be learned, the relationship between poll health, movement, posture and training can be understood, and a horse's overall wellness can be restored or enhanced.

Great tutorial by Equinology on massaging the neck and poll:

https://www.manolomendezdressage.com/.../Equinology...

To learn more about Manolo's training for wellness approach and purchase his in-hand dvd at www.manolomendezdressage.com

To learn more about Manolo and Dr. Ridgway's seven sports-horses assessment 10 hour video featuring their integrative medicine, bodywork and in-hand treatment and rehab training solutions, go to: www.proudhorseconnections.com

First published in 2013.